How do US and EU sanctions work?

US Senator explains how US sanctions work and why they work they way they do and he predicted US sanctions will not be able to be deploy in five to six years.

The key to success of US sanctions is that the US dollar is used in trade between nations; the more countries trade in other currencies the less effective the sanctions regimes will be.

The development referenced by the Senator was covered by the Chinese media (GT), an excerpt of the article is provided below for reference:

China and Brazil have reached a deal to trade in their currencies, the AFP reported, citing the Brazilian government on Wednesday.

The deal will allow China and Brazil to carry out trade and financial transactions directly in the Chinese yuan or the Brazilian reais, instead of using the US dollar as an intermediary. "The expectation is that this will reduce costs... promote even greater bilateral trade and facilitate investment," the Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (ApexBrasil) said in a statement.

As China is Brazil's biggest trading partner recording a record $150.5 billion in bilateral trade in 2022, it goes without saying that the deal comes from needs related to strong momentum of bilateral trade between the two countries.