Media Review: Who’s Shaping the Narrative of Iran’s Protests?

Media Review: Who’s Shaping the Narrative of Iran’s Protests?

    Thursday, January 15, 2026   No comments

Reviewing a news story from  Al Jazeera:

In an era where digital spaces often shape political realities as much as streets and parliaments, a recent wave of online activism surrounding protests in Iran has come under scrutiny. What appeared to be a grassroots digital uprising—centered around the hashtag #LiberateThePersianPeople on X (formerly Twitter)—has been revealed by a detailed network analysis to be a highly coordinated campaign.

A Digital Campaign with External Origins

The protests in several Iranian cities were initially sparked by worsening economic conditions. However, online discourse quickly shifted from local grievances to sweeping political narratives about regime change, thanks in large part to the viral spread of #LiberateThePersianPeople.

Contrary to assumptions that this digital momentum originated within Iran, an investigation by Al Jazeera Verify shows that the campaign was primarily orchestrated by external actors—most notably pro-Israeli networks.

Data collected over several days reveals striking anomalies:

Of 4,370 posts analyzed, 94% were retweets, with only 170 original posts.

Despite reaching over 18 million users, the content stemmed from a very small pool of sources.

The interaction pattern followed sharp, intermittent spikes—typical of coordinated inauthentic behavior rather than organic public discourse.

A Politicized Narrative, Not Organic Outrage

The messaging pushed through the hashtag wasn’t just sympathetic to protesters—it carried a clear political agenda. Posts framed the unrest as a historic “moment of collapse,” using stark binaries like:

“The people vs. the regime”

“Freedom vs. political Islam”

“Iran vs. the Islamic Republic”

The campaign also aggressively promoted Reza Pahlavi, son of Iran’s last Shah, as the legitimate alternative leader. Pahlavi himself actively participated, posting on X and receiving enthusiastic endorsements from Israeli-linked accounts who labeled him “the face of a new Iran.”

Direct Involvement of Israeli Officials

High-profile Israeli figures openly joined the digital push:

Itamar Ben-Gvir, Israel’s Minister of National Security, posted in Persian calling for the “fall of the dictator” and expressing support for the protests.

Former Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s past statements were widely recirculated within the hashtag ecosystem.

Additionally, Israeli activists such as Eyal Yakobi and Halil Nueir amplified claims of excessive violence by Iranian authorities while accusing international media of silence.

Ideological Reframing and Calls for Foreign Intervention

Rather than focusing on socioeconomic demands, the campaign reframed the protests as an ideological battle against Islam itself. Posts frequently described Iran’s government as “oppressive Islam” and portrayed Persians as victims of religious tyranny—a narrative aimed at severing the link between the state and society.

Even more alarmingly, the discourse escalated into explicit calls for foreign military intervention:

Fabricated or decontextualized quotes attributed to Donald Trump suggested U.S. readiness to act if protesters faced violence.

Reza Pahlavi publicly welcomed these alleged statements.

U.S. lawmakers like Rep. Pat Fallon shared similar messages, while numerous posts urged Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to intervene directly.

Central Nodes in a Coordinated Network

Network mapping identified key accounts driving the campaign:

@RhythmOfX: Created in 2024, this account changed its name five times and consistently promotes both Israeli interests and the restoration of the Pahlavi monarchy. It regularly calls on the U.S. to take action against Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

@NiohBerg: A verified account claiming to be an “Iranian Jewish activist” supporting Israel and monarchy restoration. Active since 2017 and also renamed multiple times, it presents itself as a leading voice in the movement and alleges it is wanted by Iranian authorities.

@IsraelWarRoom: This account functions as a digital “war room,” routinely reposting content from @NiohBerg and disseminating real-time alerts, U.S. official statements, and field footage related to Iran.

These nodes formed a tightly interconnected cluster, demonstrating strategic coordination rather than spontaneous solidarity.

A Weaponized Hashtag

The evidence strongly suggests that #LiberateThePersianPeople was not an authentic expression of Iranian public sentiment, but a politically weaponized digital operation launched from outside Iran. Orchestrated by networks tied to Israel and its allies, the campaign sought to hijack legitimate economic protests and reframe them as part of a broader geopolitical project—one that envisions regime change through foreign intervention and the restoration of monarchy. In doing so, it highlights a growing trend: the battlefield of narratives is now as critical—and as contested—as any physical one.

Morocco's "Gen Z 212" Movement: A Youth-Led Uprising Against Corruption and Failed Services

Morocco's "Gen Z 212" Movement: A Youth-Led Uprising Against Corruption and Failed Services

    Saturday, October 04, 2025   No comments

A new, decentralized youth movement is shaking the political landscape of Morocco. Dubbed "Generation Z 212" — a nod to the country's international dialing code and its digitally-native leaders — the group has sustained protests for over a week in several cities, channeling widespread public anger over corruption, deteriorating public services, and a deep-seated political disillusionment.

The movement's core demands are starkly local: improved healthcare and education, a serious fight against corruption, and the resignation of Prime Minister Aziz Akhannouch. However, its emergence reflects a global pattern of youth-led activism fueled by economic stagnation and a loss of faith in traditional institutions.

A Spark in Agadir, A Fire Across Cities

The immediate catalyst for the protests was a tragic incident in the southern city of Agadir. The deaths of eight pregnant women in less than a month at a public hospital ignited public outrage, serving as a grim symbol of a healthcare system in crisis. The protests that began there quickly spread to other urban centers.

The situation on the ground has been volatile. While "Gen Z 212" activists have called for and committed to peaceful demonstrations, their gatherings have been met with bans, violence, and mass arrests by the authorities. Some protests have devolved into riots, resulting in the deaths of three people and injuries to dozens. The movement's activists have been quick to disavow the violence, blaming it on opportunistic elements and reaffirming their commitment to peaceful dissent.

A Generation Filling a Political Vacuum

Analysts point to a profound vacuum in political and social representation as the bedrock of this unrest. The majority of Moroccan youth have lost confidence in established political parties, which they view as having lost their credibility. The traditional power of labor unions has also waned.

This void has been filled by young people organizing through social media and digital networks, bypassing traditional gatekeepers. The movement is leaderless and organic, making it both resilient and difficult for the government to engage with through conventional channels.

The economic backdrop is bleak. According to the High Commission for Planning, Morocco's overall unemployment rate stands at 12.8%, a figure that skyrockets to 35.8% among young people and 19% among university graduates. This lack of opportunity for a highly educated generation is a primary source of frustration.

A "Ticking Time Bomb" No Longer Silent

Experts had long warned that this combination of factors was a recipe for social explosion.

Professor Mohamed Al-Merrani Boukhabza, a political scientist at Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, highlighted the demographic reality: "There is a demographic shift whereby a third of the population pyramid in Morocco is made up of young people between the ages of 15 and 35." He noted that the socioeconomic reality, coupled with declining public services and weak trust in traditional institutions, formed a "ticking time bomb" that has now detonated.

Echoing this sentiment, Ahmed Al-Bouz, a professor of Political Science and Constitutional Law, stressed the need for "urgent and tangible reforms, especially in education, health, and employment, while guaranteeing freedom of expression and the right to protest." He warned that in the absence of such reforms, any government dialogue with the youth would be seen as merely a tactic to buy time.

A Government in Response Mode

Faced with the growing momentum, the government has stated that it "understands the demands of the movement" and has expressed its readiness to open a dialogue with the protesting youth. However, for a generation that feels it has been repeatedly promised change without seeing results, mere words are no longer enough.

The "Gen Z 212" movement represents a critical juncture for Morocco. It is the voice of a disenfranchised, connected, and impatient generation demanding not just dialogue, but demonstrable action to address the deep-rooted economic and social crises that define their daily lives. The government's next steps will determine whether this energy can be channeled into meaningful reform or if it will further fuel the flames of discontent.

The Powder Keg of the Levant--How Sectarian Power Structures Guarantee Perpetual Instability

The Powder Keg of the Levant--How Sectarian Power Structures Guarantee Perpetual Instability

    Tuesday, September 02, 2025   No comments

In the ancient lands of the Levant, where history is measured in millennia, a modern curse condemns nations to a purgatory of weakness. This is not a curse of geography or resources, but one of design—a political architecture built not on the bedrock of principled compromise and shared national vision, but on the shifting sands of sectarian appeasement. The fates of Lebanon and Syria stand as stark, bloody testaments to a brutal truth: a government forged in the fire of sectarian civil war is destined to be weak, illegitimate, and a prelude to the next conflict.

One would think that healing and reconciliation should follow three decades of peace. Yet Lebanon, whose 15-year civil war ended 35 years ago, is a nation frozen in time, a ghost haunting its own corpse. It is not a healed nation but a palimpsest of its former conflicts, its power structures meticulously drawn along the very sectarian lines that once tore it apart.

This is a country still ruled, in effect, by unelected leaders. The current president was appointed after years of vacuum, his ascent only possible by twisting the constitution to bypass a rule prohibiting active military officers from political office. The prime minister, a respected former international judge, was less elected than selected, installed through backroom compromise and heavy-handed pressure from foreign capitals like Washington, Paris, and Riyadh. Even the speakership, held by an elected MP, is shackled to a sectarian quota, its legitimacy perpetually questioned.

This patched-together entity now dares to act as a legitimate government, attempting to change the very practices its own flawed existence perpetuates. But a house divided against itself cannot stand, and a government built on sectarian compromise cannot govern. It will either fracture under the weight of its own contradictions or push ahead with its agenda, inevitably alienating one faction or another and risking a return to the civil war days it was designed to prevent. In Lebanon, the peace is the war, continued by other means.

This tragic model is not unique. Libya, shattered since 2011, is a mosaic of rival fiefdoms. A weak, internationally recognized government controls the capital, while the rest of the country answers to another regime in Benghazi or to autonomous tribal forces. There is no central authority, only a precarious and violent stalemate.

But it is Syria that presents the most chilling and recent case study. After a decade of brutal war exacerbated by a proxy conflict involving regional and global powers, the Baathist regime finally collapsed nearly a year ago. The rebels, aided by Turkey and Qatar and spearheaded by factions with extremist ideologies, seized their moment amidst the regional instability sparked by the war in Gaza.

Their victory, however, was merely the prelude to the next chapter of failure. The new Damascus regime, finding its authority challenged, has already resorted to the same tactics of its predecessor: massacres in Alawite and Druze regions, sowing fear among all ethnic and religious minorities. This has not consolidated power; it has shattered it further. The powerful Kurds, along with other groups, are now arming themselves for survival, refusing to hand their weapons to a central government they see as just another sectarian predator.

The outcome is inevitable. Syria is rapidly descending into the Lebanese and Libyan model—a central government that lacks both the legitimacy to command respect and the power to enforce its will. It rules not by consent but by fear, and fear is a fuel that quickly burns out, leaving only the ash of resentment.

When you add Iran to the mix, a country that was destabilized by US invasion and governed through a power-sharing arrangement still, the entire Levant thus becomes a powder keg, its nations condemned to cycles of violence by a refusal to transcend sectarian and tribal identities. The power of the gun, mistaken for political power, creates only a brutal illusion of control. True legitimacy is not seized through the barrel of a rifle or assigned by religious quota; it is earned through the principled compromise of a social contract that serves all citizens equally.

Without this fundamental transformation—without building states for all citizens rather than fiefdoms for sects—the next ten years will not bring peace. They will bring more transformative, and likely armed, events. The civilians of this ancient region will be lucky to witness change that is not delivered by a bullet. For now, their destiny remains held hostage by the very structures claiming to save them, guaranteeing that instability is not a phase, but a permanent condition.

Academic Leaders Unite Against Trump Administration's Threats to Higher Education

Academic Leaders Unite Against Trump Administration's Threats to Higher Education

    Monday, April 28, 2025   No comments

In a significant display of unity, over 500 college and university presidents, along with leaders from scholarly societies, have signed a public letter denouncing the Trump administration's recent actions against academic institutions. The letter, organized by the American Association of Colleges and Universities (AACU), criticizes what signatories describe as "unprecedented government overreach and political interference" threatening the core principles of higher education. ​

The petition emerged in response to a series of federal actions targeting universities, particularly those with perceived liberal leanings. Notably, Harvard University faced a $2.3 billion funding freeze and threats to its tax-exempt status after refusing to comply with demands to audit its academic programs for ideological diversity and expel students involved in pro-Palestinian protests. In retaliation, Harvard filed a lawsuit against the administration, arguing that such measures violate constitutional rights and academic freedom. ​

The petition has garnered support from a diverse array of institutions, including Ivy League schools like Yale and Princeton, as well as public universities such as the University of Hawaii. Signatories emphasize their commitment to academic independence and the free exchange of ideas, asserting that universities should not be coerced into aligning with political agendas. ​

In addition to the petition, several universities have taken legal action against the administration. Harvard's lawsuit challenges the legality of the funding freeze and the broader implications for academic autonomy. Other institutions are exploring similar legal avenues to protect their rights and resist federal overreach. ​

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has also voiced strong opposition, urging universities to uphold free speech protections and resist federal pressure to surveil or punish students and faculty for their political views. The ACLU's letter outlines key principles for institutions to follow, including encouraging robust discussion, protecting student privacy, and abiding by constitutional protections. ​

The petition remains open for additional signatures, reflecting the growing concern among academic leaders nationwide. Supporters argue that defending academic freedom is essential not only for the integrity of educational institutions but also for the preservation of democratic values. As the situation develops, universities continue to navigate the complex balance between federal expectations and their commitment to independent scholarship.

In recent months, universities have increasingly become focal points of governmental efforts to suppress dissent against the ongoing war in Gaza. Institutions of higher education, traditionally seen as bastions of free thought and expression, have been subjected to heightened scrutiny and intervention. Student activists who have organized peaceful protests or voiced criticism of the war have faced severe consequences, including disciplinary actions and surveillance.

Moreover, there has been a disturbing rise in the deportation of international students holding valid student visas, alongside professors and researchers, solely based on their participation in protests or public expressions of opposition to the war. These actions reflect a broader strategy to silence critical voices within academic spaces, undermining fundamental principles of academic freedom, freedom of speech, and the right to peaceful assembly. The targeting of scholars and students in this manner not only threatens individual rights but also weakens the role of universities as centers for critical inquiry and social debate.

Causes and Consequences of Arresting Istanbul's Mayor

Causes and Consequences of Arresting Istanbul's Mayor

    Sunday, March 23, 2025   No comments

The political landscape in Turkey has been thrust into turmoil following the recent arrest of Ekrem Imamoglu, the popular mayor of Istanbul. Imamoglu, a member of the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), was detained on corruption charges in a move that many see as politically motivated.

The arrest order, issued by a judge in Istanbul, came amid a wave of widespread protests across Turkey condemning Imamoglu's detention. The mayor was accused of "irregularities" in his handling of municipal contracts and "terrorist propaganda" - charges that his supporters decry as fabricated attempts to remove a powerful political rival of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's ruling party.

The controversy began last week when Turkey's Interior Ministry suspended Imamoglu from his post as Istanbul mayor, along with the mayors of two other Istanbul districts. This action was taken under Article 127 of the Turkish constitution, which allows for the temporary removal of elected officials facing criminal investigations.

In response, Istanbul's city council convened an emergency session and elected a temporary replacement mayor to fill Imamoglu's role. However, Imamoglu has refused to back down, defiantly calling the move an "attack on democracy" and urging all 86 million Turkish citizens to "fill the ballot boxes and raise their voices against injustice."

The fallout from Imamoglu's arrest has ignited a groundswell of public anger that has extended far beyond just his supporters. Protests have erupted in over two-thirds of Turkey's 81 provinces, with demonstrators - including many apolitical young people and university students - voicing their outrage at what they see as the government's blatant abuse of power.

The broader significance of this crisis lies in the potential long-term implications for Turkish democracy. Imamoglu was widely viewed as a rising political star and a formidable challenger to Erdogan's dominance. His detention appears to be an attempt by the president and his party to eliminate a potent electoral threat ahead of next year's presidential and parliamentary elections.

The outcomes of this crisis remain highly uncertain. Imamoglu's supporters have vowed to continue their protests, raising the specter of sustained civil unrest. The government, for its part, has signaled its intent to press ahead with the prosecution, potentially leading to a drawn-out legal battle.

Ultimately, the fate of Ekrem Imamoglu and the future of Turkey's fragile democracy hang in the balance. This crisis has laid bare the deep divisions and power struggles within the country, and its resolution will have profound consequences for the country's political trajectory in the years to come.

Turkish court formally places Istanbul mayor Imamoglu under arrest on corruption charges

 Following a warning from the Supreme Council of Radio and Television, Turkish television channels have stopped live broadcasts from the sites of rallies, protests and from the Palace of Justice in Istanbul, where a court decision on the preventive measure for Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu is expected.

Over 300 people have been detained, one police officer was attacked with acid, reports say. 

Turkey in Crisis: The Arrest of Ekrem Imamoglu and Its Far-Reaching Consequences

Turkey in Crisis: The Arrest of Ekrem Imamoglu and Its Far-Reaching Consequences

    Wednesday, March 19, 2025   No comments

Turkey is facing a period of heightened political and social unrest following the arrest of Istanbul’s mayor, Ekrem Imamoglu. This event has ignited massive protests, deepened tensions between the government and the opposition, and drawn international scrutiny over the state of democracy and rule of law in Turkey.

Mass Protests and Public Outrage

Thousands of Turkish citizens have taken to the streets in major cities, including Istanbul, Ankara, Trabzon, and Izmir, protesting Imamoglu’s arrest on charges of corruption and alleged connections to terrorist groups. The opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) has condemned the arrest as politically motivated, urging its supporters to mobilize nationwide in defense of democracy. The government, meanwhile, has cracked down on demonstrations, deploying riot police who have used tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse crowds.

A Politically Charged Arrest

Imamoglu, a prominent opposition leader and a key challenger to President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in the upcoming 2028 elections, was detained following an early morning raid on his home in Istanbul. His arrest coincided with the cancellation of his university degree by Istanbul University, an act perceived by many as part of a broader campaign to discredit him.

Alongside Imamoglu, Turkish authorities have issued arrest warrants for 105 other municipal officials linked to the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The charges against them include corruption, fraud, and alleged ties to the Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK), an organization affiliated with the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Critics argue that these accusations are baseless and reflect the government’s increasing use of the judiciary as a tool to silence political opponents.

Government Restrictions and Crackdown on Freedoms

In response to the growing unrest, Turkish authorities have imposed stringent measures, including a four-day ban on protests and public gatherings in Istanbul. Internet access and social media platforms have been restricted, while metro and transportation routes leading to key protest sites, such as Taksim Square, have been shut down. Despite these efforts, demonstrations have persisted, with students and faculty from universities like Boğaziçi, Istanbul Technical University, and Yıldız Technical University joining the movement.

Impact on Turkey’s Economy and International Relations

The arrest of Imamoglu has triggered severe economic consequences, with the Turkish lira losing 12% of its value against the U.S. dollar. The Istanbul stock exchange also experienced a sharp decline, prompting a temporary suspension of trading. Economic analysts warn that these developments could further destabilize an already fragile economy and deter foreign investment.

Internationally, the European Union and other Western allies have voiced concern over Imamoglu’s detention. The Council of Europe issued a strong condemnation, describing the arrest as a move against the will of the Turkish people. European lawmakers and human rights organizations have called on Turkey to uphold democratic principles and the independence of its judiciary.

A Pattern of Political Repression?

Imamoglu’s arrest is the latest in a series of crackdowns against opposition figures, journalists, and activists. The recent imprisonment of Ümit Özdağ, leader of the nationalist Victory Party, further underscores Turkey’s deteriorating human rights record. Many fear that Erdoğan’s government is intensifying its efforts to suppress dissent and consolidate power ahead of the next elections.

An Uncertain Future for Turkey

The arrest of Ekrem Imamoglu marks a pivotal moment in Turkish politics. While the government maintains that the charges against him are legitimate, widespread public outrage and international condemnation suggest otherwise. With increasing economic turmoil, growing discontent, and the erosion of democratic norms, Turkey stands at a crossroads—one that could determine its future as either a democracy or an authoritarian state.

As the situation continues to unfold, all eyes remain on Turkey, watching whether its institutions will uphold justice or succumb further to political influence.